《国际纽约时报》前身为《国际先驱论坛报》 (International Herald Tribune) ，是《纽约时报》全资拥有的一份英文国际性报纸，总部设在巴黎。该报1887年10月4日创立，属于纽约时报公司全额拥有。2002年12月30日 ，在《纽约时报》收购了属于《华盛顿邮报》的50%股份后，现属于纽约时报公司全额拥有。这次收购结束了《纽约时报》和它在的国内竞争对手《华盛顿邮报》长达35年的合作关系。2013年10月15日，《国际先驱论坛报》正式更名为《国际纽约时报》。下载方法见我的微博。 ...

英国金融时报（Financial Times）是由James Sheridan及其兄弟于1888年创办的世界著名的国际性金融媒体。该报在伦敦、法兰克福、纽约、巴黎、洛杉矶、马德里、香港等地同时出版，日发行量45万份左右，其中70%发行于英国之外的140多个国家。该报为读者提供全球性的经济商业信息、经济分析和评论，由该报创立的伦敦股票市场的金融指数更是名闻遐迩。是一家领先的全球性财经报纸。英国培生集团(Pearson)2015年7月23日宣布，该集团旗下的英国《金融时报》以8.44亿英镑(约13.1亿美元)的价格，被日本媒体公司日经新闻(Nikkei)收购。这也宣告培生集团对金融时报58年的所有权结束。这笔交易的内容包括金融时报报纸业务、网络业务和数家关联刊物，但并不包括金融时报集团位于伦敦的物业，也不包括其所持有的《经济学人》集团50%的股权。下载方法见我的微博。 ...

华尔街日报（The Wall Street Journal）创刊于1889年，以超过200万份的发行量成为美国付费发行量最大的财经报纸。这份在美国纽约出版的报纸，着重在财经新闻的报道，其内容足以影响每日的国际经济活动。《华尔街日报》的读者主要为政治、经济、教育和医学界的人士，金融大亨和经营管理人员以及股票市场的投资者，其中包括20万名的董事长、总经理。美国500家最大企业的经理人员绝大部分订阅此报。2007年6月，华尔街日报被新闻集团收购。《华尔街日报》是一家以财经报道为特色的综合性报纸，侧重金融、商业领域的报导，在国际上具有广泛影响力，日发行量达200万份。同时出版了亚洲版、欧洲版、网络版，每天的读者大概有2000多万人。《华尔街日报》新闻舆论通过尖利的笔锋净化着商业市场，正是它的舆论监督让商业公司不能为所欲为。...

英国《独立报》（The Independent ）现属于Tony O'Reilly的Independent News & Media集团。它于1986年由原《每日电讯报》的三个记者创办。第一周发行量高达50万份，一个月后稳定在33万份。80年代后期由于创办人不和、资金不足，报纸困难重重。1994年起镜报集团和爱尔兰独立新闻和媒介集团（Independent News &Media PLC）联合控股《独立报》，1998年后，后者成为《独立报》的唯一老板。2003年9月《独立报》在英国大报中率先推出全盘化的小报版本。大获成功，从2004年5月开始彻底转型为小报，至2007年8月为止的发行量为240,116份，现在发行量约为25万份。该报自称在政治上独立。惠特姆·史密斯亲自出任该报主编。1990年4月，他被英国电视节目“报刊摘要”评为1989年度“最佳主编”。和保守派的泰晤士报及进步派的卫报相比，《独立报》算是比较性质中立的报纸。 ...

《纽约时报》（The New York Times）有时简称为“时报”（The Times）是一份在美国纽约出版的日报，在全世界发行，有相当的影响力，美国高级报纸、严肃刊物的代表，长期以来拥有良好的公信力和权威性。由于风格古典严肃，它有时也被戏称为“灰色女士”（The Gray Lady）。它最初的名字是《纽约每日时报》（The New-York Daily Times），创始人是亨利·贾维斯·雷蒙德和乔治·琼斯。《纽约时报》在美国的影响可谓是巨大而深远，它是美国人生活中不可或缺的一部分。每天早晨在上班前，从地铁站花2美元买一份《纽约时报》已经成为许多美国人生活中的一部分。 ...

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简介:  目录:  1.introduction------------------------------------------------------------12.introduction to signals----------------------------------------------143.analysis and transmission of signals-----------------------------714.amplitude(linear) modulation-------------------------------------1515.angle(exponential) modulation-----------------------------------2086.sampling and pulse modulation----------------------------------2517.principles of digital data transmission--------------------------2948.emerging digital commutations technologies----------------3549.some recent developments and miscellaneous topics-----40410.introduction to theory of probability-------------------------43411.random processes--------------------------------------------------48712.behavior of analog systems in the presence of noise-----53213.behavior of digital commutation in the presence of noise-----57214.optimum signal detection-----------------------------------------62615.introduction to information theory-----------------------------67916.error correcting codes----------------------------------------------728appendixes-----------------------------------------------------------------764 内容简介：Lathi's trademark user-friendly and highly readable text presents a complete and modern treatment of communication systems. It begins by introducing students to the basics of communication systems without using probabilistic theory. Only after a solid knowledge base--an understanding of how communication systems work--has been built are concepts requiring probability theory covered. This third edition has been thoroughly updated and revised to include expanded coverage of digital communications. New topics discussed include spread-spectrum systems, cellular communication systems, global positioning systems (GPS), and an entire chapter on emerging digital technologies (such as SONET, ISDN, BISDN, ATM, and video compression). Ideal for the first communication systems course for electrical engineers, Modern Digital and Analog Communication Systems offers students a superb pedagogical style; it consistently does an excellent job of explaining difficult concepts clearly, using prose as well as mathematics. The author makes every effort to give intuitive insights--rather than just proofs--as well as heuristic explanations of theoretical results wherever possible. Featuring lucid explanations, well-chosen examples clarifying abstract mathematical results, and excellent illustrations, this unique text is highly informative and easily accessible to students.作者简介：B. P. Lathi holds a PhD in Electrical Engineering from Stanford University and was previously a Professor of Electrical Engineering at California State University, Sacramento. He is the author of eight books, including Signal Processing and Linear Systems (second ed., 2004) and, with Zhi Ding, Modern Digital and Analog Communications Systems (fourth ed., 2009).内容截图：...

简介:  \目录:  Background................................................................................................51. Introduction (Background and Chapter 1)....................................................512. Time-domain analysis of linear time-invariant (LTI) systems (Chapters 2 and 3)..1143. Frequency-domain (transform) analysis of LTI systems (Chapters 4 and 5).........2314. Signal analysis (Chapters 6, 7, 8, and 9).....................................................4065. State-space analysis of LTI systems (Chapter 10)...........................................6196.Index......................................................................................................663 内容简介：This book, Linear Systems and Signals, presents a comprehensive treatment of signals and linear systems at an introductorylevel. Like all my other books, it emphasizes physical appreciation of concepts through heuristic reasoning, and the use of metaphors, analogies, and creative explanations. Such an approach is much different from a purely deductive technique that uses mere mathematical manipulation of symbols. There is a temptation to treat engineering subjects as a branch of applied mathematics. Such an approach is a perfect match to the public image of engineering as a dry and dull discipline. It ignores the physical meaning behind various derivations and deprives a student of intuitive grasp and the enjoyable experience of mlogical uncovering of the subject matter. Here I have used mathematics not so much to prove axiomatic theory as to support and enhance physical and intuitive understanding. Wherever possible, theoretical results are interpreted heuristically and are enhanced by carefully chosen examples and analogies.This second edition, which closely follows the organization of the first edition, has been refined by incorporating suggestions and changes provided by various reviewers. The added topics include Bode plots, use of digital filters in an impulse-invariancemethod of designing analog systems, convergence of infinite series, bandpass systems, group and phase delay, and Fourier applications to communication systems. A significant and sizable addition in the area of MATLAB® (a registered trademark of The Math Works, Inc.) has been provided by Dr. Roger Green of North Dakota State University. Dr. Green discusses his contribution at the conclusion of this preface.作者简介：B. P. Lathi holds a PhD in Electrical Engineering from Stanford University and was previously a Professor of Electrical Engineering at California State University, Sacramento. He is the author of eight books, including Signal Processing and Linear Systems (second ed., 2004) and, with Zhi Ding, Modern Digital and Analog Communications Systems (fourth ed., 2009).内容截图： ...

简介:  目录:  Preface..........................................................................................vii1 Review of Continuous-Time Signals and Systems ....................................11.1 Signals and Signal Categorizations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21.1.1 Continuous-Time and Discrete-Time Signals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31.1.2 Analog and Digital Signals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31.2 Operations on the Independent CT Variable . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41.2.1 CT Time Shifting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41.2.2 CT Time Scaling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51.2.3 CT Time Reversal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51.2.4 Combined CT Time Shifting and Scaling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61.3 CT SignalModels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71.3.1 CT Unit Step Function u(t) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71.3.2 CT Unit Gate Function Π(t) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81.3.3 CT Unit Triangle Function Λ(t) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81.3.4 CT Unit Impulse Function δ(t) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91.3.5 CT Exponential Function est . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121.3.6 CT Interpolation Function sinc(t) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 131.4 CT Signal Classifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 151.4.1 Causal, Noncausal, and Anti-Causal CT Signals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 151.4.2 Real and Imaginary CT Signals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 161.4.3 Even and Odd CT Signals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 181.4.4 Periodic and Aperiodic CT Signals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 211.4.5 CT Energy and Power Signals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 211.4.6 Deterministic and Probabilistic Signals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 251.5 CT Systems and Properties . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 251.5.1 Linearity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 261.5.2 Time Invariance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 271.5.3 The Zero-State Response of an LTIC System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 281.5.4 Causality . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 291.5.5 Stability . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 291.6 Foundations of Frequency-Domain Analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 301.6.1 LTIC System Response to an Everlasting Exponential est . . . . . . . . . . . 301.7 The Fourier Series . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 331.7.1 Exponential Formof the Fourier Series . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 341.7.2 Trigonometric and Compact Trigonometric Forms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 371.7.3 Convergence of a Series . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 411.8 The Fourier Transform . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 451.9 Fourier TransformProperties . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 501.9.1 Duality Property . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 511.9.2 Linearity Property . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 521.9.3 Complex-Conjugation Property . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 521.9.4 Scaling Property . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 531.9.5 Time-Shifting Property . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 541.9.6 Time-Differentiation and Time-Integration Properties . . . . . . . . . . . . . 591.9.7 Time-Domain Convolution Property . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 591.9.8 Correlation and the Correlation Property . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 611.9.9 Extending Fourier Transform Properties to the Fourier Series . . . . . . . . . 661.10 The Laplace Transform . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 681.10.1 Connection between the Fourier and Laplace Transforms . . . . . . . . . . . . 701.10.2 Laplace TransformProperties . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 721.11 Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 732 Continuous-Time Analog Filters 852.1 Frequency Response of an LTIC System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 852.1.1 Pole-Zero Plots . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 892.2 Signal Transmission through LTIC Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 922.2.1 Distortionless Transmission . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 942.2.2 Real Bandpass Systems and Group Delay . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 972.3 Ideal and Realizable Filters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1002.4 Data Truncation byWindows . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1042.4.1 Impairments Caused byWindowing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1042.4.2 Lowpass Filter Design UsingWindows . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1062.4.3 Remedies for Truncation Impairments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1092.4.4 CommonWindow Functions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1092.5 Specification of Practical Filters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1122.6 Analog Filter Transformations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1132.6.1 Lowpass-to-LowpassTransformation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1152.6.2 Lowpass-to-HighpassTransformation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1162.6.3 Lowpass-to-Bandpass Transformation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1172.6.4 Lowpass-to-BandstopTransformation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1182.7 Practical Filter Families . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1202.7.1 Butterworth Filters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1202.7.2 Chebyshev Filters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1292.7.3 Inverse Chebyshev Filters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1392.7.4 Elliptic Filters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1442.7.5 Bessel-Thomson Filters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1472.8 Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1493 Sampling: The Bridge from Continuous to Discrete 1553.1 Sampling and the Sampling Theorem. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1553.1.1 Practical Sampling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1613.2 Signal Reconstruction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1643.3 PracticalDifficulties in Sampling and Reconstruction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1683.3.1 Aliasing in Sinusoids . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1733.4 Sampling of Bandpass Signals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1763.5 Time-Sampling Dual: The Spectral Sampling Theorem . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1813.6 Analog-to-Digital Conversion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1853.6.1 Analog-to-Digital Converter Transfer Characteristics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1893.6.2 Analog-to-Digital Converter Errors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1943.6.3 Analog-to-Digital Converter Implementations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1963.7 Digital-to-Analog Conversion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1993.7.1 Sources of Distortion in Signal Reconstruction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2003.8 Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2024 Discrete-Time Signals and Systems 2124.1 Operations on the Independent DT Variable . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2144.1.1 DT Time Shifting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2144.1.2 DT Time Reversal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2154.1.3 DT Time Scaling: Sampling Rate Conversion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2164.2 DT SignalModels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2194.2.1 DT Unit Step Function u[n] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2194.2.2 DT Unit Impulse Function δ[n] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2204.2.3 DT Exponential Function zn . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2224.3 DT Signal Classifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2314.3.1 Causal, Noncausal, and Anti-Causal DT Signals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2314.3.2 Real and ImaginaryDT Signals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2324.3.3 Even and Odd DT Signals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2324.3.4 Periodic and Aperiodic DT Signals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2334.3.5 DT Energy and Power Signals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2364.4 DT Systems and Examples . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2384.4.1 The Order and General Form of Difference Equations . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2454.4.2 Kinship of Difference Equations to Differential Equations . . . . . . . . . . . 2464.4.3 Advantages of Digital Signal Processing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2484.5 DT SystemProperties . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2484.5.1 Time Invariance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2484.5.2 Linearity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2504.5.3 The Zero-State Response of an LTID System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2524.5.4 Causality . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2544.5.5 Stability . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2564.5.6 Memory . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2564.5.7 Invertibility . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2574.6 Digital Resampling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2574.7 Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2615 Time-Domain Analysis of Discrete-Time Systems 2705.1 Iterative Solutions to Difference Equations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2705.2 Operator Notation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2755.3 The Zero-Input Response . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2775.3.1 Insights into the Zero-Input Behavior of a System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2825.4 The Unit Impulse Response . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2845.4.1 Closed-FormSolution of the Impulse Response . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2855.5 The Zero-State Response . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2885.5.1 Convolution Sum Properties . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2915.5.2 Graphical Procedure for the Convolution Sum . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2945.5.3 Interconnected Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3005.5.4 LTID System Response to an Everlasting Exponential zn . . . . . . . . . . . 3035.6 Total Response . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3045.7 System Stability . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3055.7.1 External (BIBO) Stability . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3065.7.2 Internal (Asymptotic) Stability . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3065.8 Intuitive Insights into System Behavior . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3115.8.1 Dependence of System Behavior on CharacteristicModes . . . . . . . . . . . 3115.8.2 Response Time of a System: The System Time Constant . . . . . . . . . . . 3125.8.3 Time Constant and Rise Time of a System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3145.8.4 Time Constant and Filtering . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3145.8.5 Time Constant and Pulse Dispersion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3155.8.6 The Resonance Phenomenon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3155.9 Classical Solution of Linear Difference Equations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3175.10 Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3226 Discrete-Time Fourier Analysis 3316.1 The Discrete-Time Fourier Transform . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3316.1.1 The Nature of Fourier Spectra . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3376.1.2 Obtaining the DTFT from the CTFT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3386.1.3 DTFT Tables and the Nuisance of Periodicity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3406.2 Properties of the DTFT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3436.2.1 Duality . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3436.2.2 Linearity Property . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3436.2.3 Complex-Conjugation Property . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3436.2.4 Time Scaling and the Time-Reversal Property . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3446.2.5 Time-Shifting Property . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3456.2.6 Frequency-Differentiation Property . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3506.2.7 Time-Domain and Frequency-Domain Convolution Properties . . . . . . . . . 3516.2.8 Correlation and the Correlation Property . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3546.3 LTID System Analysis by the DTFT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3556.3.1 Distortionless Transmission . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3596.3.2 Ideal and Realizable Filters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3626.4 Connection between the DTFT and the CTFT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3646.5 Digital Processing of Analog Signals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3706.5.1 AMathematical Representation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3716.5.2 Time-Domain Criterion: The Impulse Invariance Method . . . . . . . . . . . 3736.6 Digital Resampling: A Frequency-Domain Perspective . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3796.6.1 Using Bandlimited Interpolation to Understand Resampling . . . . . . . . . . 3806.6.2 Downsampling and Decimation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3836.6.3 Interpolation and Upsampling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3876.6.4 Time-Domain Characterizations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3916.6.5 Fractional Sampling Rate Conversion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3946.7 Generalization of the DTFT to the z-Transform. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3956.8 Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3977 Discrete-Time System Analysis Using the z-Transform 4107.1 The z-Transform . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4107.1.1 The Bilateral z-Transform . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4107.1.2 The Unilateral z-Transform . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4167.2 The Inverse z-Transform . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4197.2.1 Inverse z-Transformby Power Series Expansion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4257.3 Properties of the z-Transform . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4277.3.1 Linearity Property . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4277.3.2 Complex-Conjugation Property . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4277.3.3 Time Scaling and the Time-Reversal Property . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4287.3.4 Time-Shifting Property . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4287.3.5 z-Domain Scaling Property . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4327.3.6 z-Domain Differentiation Property . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4337.3.7 Time-Domain Convolution Property . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4337.3.8 Initial and Final Value Theorems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4357.4 z-TransformSolution of Linear Difference Equations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4367.4.1 Zero-State Response of LTID Systems: The Transfer Function . . . . . . . . 4397.5 Block Diagrams and System Realization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4457.5.1 Direct FormRealizations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4477.5.2 Transposed Realizations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4517.5.3 Cascade and ParallelRealizations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4537.6 Frequency Response of Discrete-Time Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4577.6.1 Frequency-Response from Pole-Zero Locations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4627.7 FiniteWord-Length Effects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4697.7.1 FiniteWord-Length Effects on Poles and Zeros . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4697.7.2 FiniteWord-Length Effects on Frequency Response . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4727.8 Connection between the Laplace and z-Transforms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4747.9 Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4768 Digital Filters 4858.1 Infinite Impulse Response Filters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4858.1.1 The Impulse InvarianceMethod Revisited . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4868.1.2 The Bilinear Transform . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4918.1.3 The Bilinear Transform with Prewarping . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4978.1.4 Highpass, Bandpass, and Bandstop Filters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5018.1.5 Realization of IIR Filters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5088.2 Finite Impulse Response Filters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5118.2.1 Linear Phase FIR Filters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5118.2.2 Realization of FIR Filters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5158.2.3 Windowing in FIR Filters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5178.2.4 Time-DomainMethods of FIR Filter Design . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5218.2.5 Window Method FIR Filter Design for Given Specifications . . . . . . . . . . 5298.2.6 Frequency-DomainMethods of FIR Filter Design . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5378.2.7 Frequency-Weighted Least-Squares FIR Filter Design . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5448.3 Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5529 Discrete Fourier Transform 5599.1 The Discrete Fourier Transform . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5609.1.1 The Picket Fence Effect and Zero Padding . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5639.1.2 Matrix Representation of the DFT and Its Inverse . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5659.1.3 DFT Interpolation to Obtain the DTFT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5679.2 Uniqueness: Why Confine x[n] to 0 ≤ n ≤ N −1? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5699.2.1 Modulo-N Operation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5729.2.2 Circular Representation of an N-Length Sequence . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5739.3 Properties of the DFT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5799.3.1 Duality Property . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5799.3.2 Linearity Property . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5799.3.3 Complex-Conjugation Property . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5809.3.4 Time-Reversal Property . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5809.3.5 Circular Shifting Properties . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5809.3.6 Circular Convolution Properties . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5819.3.7 Circular Correlation Property . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5829.4 Graphical Interpretation of Circular Convolution . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5839.4.1 Circular and Linear Convolution . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5859.4.2 Aliasing in Circular Convolution . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5889.5 Discrete-Time Filtering Using the DFT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5909.5.1 Block Convolution . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5939.6 Goertzel’s Algorithm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6009.7 The Fast Fourier Transform . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6039.7.1 Decimation-in-Time Algorithm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6049.7.2 Decimation-in-Frequency Algorithm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6099.8 The Discrete-Time Fourier Series . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6129.9 Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 617A------MATLAB ..................................................................................625B------Useful Tables .............................................................................640C------Drill Solutions ..............................................................................646Index..................................................................................................731 内容简介：This textbook oers a fresh approach to digital signal processing (DSP) that combines heuristic reasoning and physical appreciation with sound mathematical methods to illuminate DSP concepts and practices. It uses metaphors, analogies, and creative explanations along with carefully selected examples and exercises to provide deep and intuitive insights into DSP concepts.Practical DSP requires hybrid systems including both discrete- and continuous-time components. This book follows a holistic approach and presents discrete-time processing as a seamless continuation of continuous-time signals and systems, beginning with a review of continuous-time signals and systems, frequency response, and ltering. The synergistic combination of continuous-time and discrete-time perspectives leads to a deeper appreciation and understanding of DSP concepts and practices.Notable Features1. Written for upper-level undergraduates2. Provides an intuitive understanding and physical appreciation of essential DSP concepts without sacricing mathematical rigor3. Illustrates concepts with 500 high-quality gures, more than 170 fully worked examples, and hundreds of end-of-chapter problems4. Encourages student learning with more than 150 drill exercises, including complete and detailed solutions5. Maintains strong ties to continuous-time signals and systems concepts, with immediate access to background material with a notationally consistent format, helping readers build on their previous knowledge6. Seamlessly integrates MATLAB throughout the text to enhance learning7. Develops MATLAB code from a basic level to reinforce connections to underlying theory and sound DSP practice内容截图：作者介绍：B. P. Lathi holds a PhD in Electrical Engineering from Stanford University and was previously a Professor of Electrical Engineering at California State University, Sacramento. He is the author of eight books, including Signal Processing and Linear Systems (second ed., 2004) and, with Zhi Ding, Modern Digital and Analog Communications Systems (fourth ed., 2009).Roger Green is an Associate Professor of Electrical and Computer Engineering at North Dakota State University. He holds a PhD from the University of Wyoming. He is co-author, with B. P. Lathi, on the second edition of Signal Processing and Linear Systems.备注说明：应网友要求，更新Lathi B.P较新发行著作。 ...

简介:  目录:  Front Matter....Pages i-xviiiDynamical Models of AC Machines....Pages 1-44Observability Property of AC Machines....Pages 45-78Observer Design for AC Motors....Pages 79-119Robust Synchronous Motor Controls Designs (PMSM and IPMSM)....Pages 121-142Robust Induction Motor Controls Design (IM)....Pages 143-162Sensorless Output Feedback Control for SPMSM and IPMSM....Pages 163-199Sensorless Output Feedback Control for Induction Motor....Pages 201-234Conclusions....Pages 235-236Back Matter....Pages 237-244 内容简介： This monograph shows the reader how to avoid the burdens of sensor cost, reduced internal physical space, and system complexity in the control of AC motors. Many applications fields—electric vehicles, wind- and wave-energy converters and robotics, among them—will benefit. Sensorless AC Electric Motor Control describes the elimination of physical sensors and their replacement with observers, i.e., software sensors. Robustness is introduced to overcome problems associated with the unavoidable imperfection of knowledge of machine parameters—resistance, inertia, and so on—encountered in real systems. The details of a large number of speed- and/or position-sensorless ideas for different types of permanent-magnet synchronous motors and induction motors are presented along with several novel observer designs for electrical machines. Control strategies are developed using high-order, sliding-mode and quasi-continuous-sliding-mode techniques and two types of observer–controller schemes based on backstepping and sliding-mode techniques are described. Experimental results validate the performance of these observer and controller configurations with test trajectories of significance in difficult sensorless-AC-machine problems. Control engineers working with AC motors in a variety of industrial environments will find the space-and-cost-saving ideas detailed in Sensorless AC Electric Motor Control of much interest. Academic researchers and graduate students from electrical, mechanical and control-engineering backgrounds will be able to see how advanced theoretical control can be applied in meaningful real systems.内容截图：备注说明： 本书较完整的介绍交流电机中的各种无速度传感器控制方法，可供相关专业学生与研究人员参考。 本书是Springer International Publishing出版的Advances in Industrial Control系列组成之一，后续我将继续更新此系列。 ...