Ubuntu16.04系统安装 OpenCV Python开发环境

系统软件环境

Ubuntu 16.04 64位 + Python2.7 + OpenCV 3.1.0

安装依赖软件

1. 更新 apt-get

sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get upgrade

2. 安装第三方开发者工具

sudo apt-get install build-essential cmake pkg-config

3. 图像I/O相关库

sudo apt-get install libjpeg8-dev libtiff5-dev libjasper-dev libpng12-dev

4. 视频相关库

sudo apt-get install libavcodec-dev libavformat-dev libswscale-dev libv4l-dev
sudo apt-get install libxvidcore-dev libx264-dev

5. 在带X-Window的系统中OpenCV用到的 highGUI 所需的依赖

sudo apt-get install libgtk-3-dev

6. OpenCV矩阵计算算法优化所用到的库

sudo apt-get install libatlas-base-dev gfortran

7. Python语言绑定所需要的开发包

sudo apt-get install python2.7-dev python3.5-dev

下载OpenCV源码包

• OpenCV 3.1.0

cd ~
wget -O opencv.zip https://github.com/Itseez/opencv/archive/3.1.0.zip
unzip opencv.zip

• OpenCV 3.1.0 Contribution版也会用到

wget -O opencv_contrib.zip https://github.com/Itseez/opencv_contrib/archive/3.1.0.zip
unzip opencv_contrib.zip

创建Python虚拟环境

1. 安装 pip 模块（基本都自带了）

cd ~
wget https://bootstrap.pypa.io/get-pip.py
sudo python get-pip.py

2. 安装 virtualenv

sudo pip install virtualenv
sudo rm -rf ~/get-pip.py ~/.cache/pip

3. 创建Python虚拟环境

mkdir ~/.virtualenvs
cd ~/.virtualenvs
virtualenv cv -p python2

安装 numpy 模块

使用“pip install numpy”，或先wget下whl包，然后在“pip install”这个whl包

source ~/.virtualenvs/cv/bin/python
wget https://pypi.python.org/packages/5e/d5/3433e015f3e4a1f309dbb110e8557947f68887fe9b8438d50a4b7790a954/numpy-1.11.2-cp27-cp27mu-manylinux1_x86_64.whl#md5=fa62a11922a9e0776963508fb5254d3d
pip install numpy-1.11.2-cp27-cp27mu-manylinux1_x86_64.whl

编译OpenCV库

cd ~/opencv-3.1.0/
mkdir build
cd build
cmake -D CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=RELEASE 
    -D CMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/usr/local 
    -D INSTALL_PYTHON_EXAMPLES=ON 
    -D INSTALL_C_EXAMPLES=OFF 
    -D OPENCV_EXTRA_MODULES_PATH=~/opencv_contrib-3.1.0/modules 
    -D PYTHON_EXECUTABLE=~/.virtualenvs/cv/bin/python 
    -D BUILD_EXAMPLES=ON ..

如果“ippicv_linux_20151201.tgz”包下载不下来，就先手动下载这个包，然后在重新开始编译。

cp ippicv_linux_20151201.tgz ~/opencv-3.1.0/3rdparty/ippicv/downloads/linux-808b791a6eac9ed78d32a7666804320e/ippicv_linux_20151201.tgz
cmake -D CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=RELEASE 
    -D CMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/usr/local 
    -D INSTALL_PYTHON_EXAMPLES=ON 
    -D INSTALL_C_EXAMPLES=OFF 
    -D OPENCV_EXTRA_MODULES_PATH=~/opencv_contrib-3.1.0/modules 
    -D PYTHON_EXECUTABLE=~/.virtualenvs/cv/bin/python 
    -D BUILD_EXAMPLES=ON ..
make -j2    # 2 stand for the cpu number
sudo make install
sudo ldconfig

编译结束，检查编译是否成功

ls -l /usr/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/ | grep cv2.so

OpenCV与Python绑定

• 创建软连接到虚拟环境

cd ~/.virtualenvs/cv/lib/python2.7/site-packages/
ln -s /usr/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/cv2.so cv2.so

• 测试Python的OpenCV模块

python
>>> import cv2
>>> cv2.__version__
'3.1.0'
>>>

参考：Ubuntu 16.04: How to install OpenCV